Kubernetes 学习笔记

环境配置·

OS: Kali Linux (on the Windows Subsystem for Linux)
Kernel: x86_64 Linux 6.18.40.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2
Shell: zsh 5.9.2
Resolution: No X Server
WM: Not Found
Disk: 1.4T / 3.9T (37%)
CPU: Intel Core i9-14900HX @ 32x 2.419GHz
GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Laptop GPU
RAM: 2121MiB / 15851MiB

minikube·

curl -LO https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/latest/download/minikube-linux-amd64
sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube
rm minikube-linux-amd64

minikube version
# minikube version: v1.39.0
# commit: 7a9f6a841470a207de8cf4bafcccee0969d8ba10

minikube start --vm-driver docker --container-runtime=docker

minikube status
# minikube
# type: Control Plane
# host: Running
# kubelet: Running
# apiserver: Running
# kubeconfig: Configured

kubectl·

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
sudo chmod +x kubectl
sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl

命令	作用
kubectl get nodes	查看集群节点
kubectl get pods -A	查看所有命名空间里的 Pod
kubectl get svc -A	查看 Service
kubectl get deploy -A	查看 Deployment
kubectl describe pod POD名称	查看 Pod 详细信息和事件
kubectl logs POD名称	查看容器日志
kubectl get events -A	查看集群事件
kubectl explain deployment	查看资源字段说明

helm·

curl -fsSL -o get_helm.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/main/scripts/get-helm-4
sudo chmod +x get_helm.sh
./get_helm.sh

helm version

minikube 部署·

minikube delete -p minikube
minikube start \
  --driver=docker \
  --container-runtime=containerd \
  --cpus=2 \
  --memory=4096

minikube profile list
# ┌──────────┬────────┬────────────┬──────────────┬─────────┬────────┬───────┬────────────────┬────────────────────┐
# │ PROFILE  │ DRIVER │  RUNTIME   │      IP      │ VERSION │ STATUS │ NODES │ ACTIVE PROFILE │ ACTIVE KUBECONTEXT │
# ├──────────┼────────┼────────────┼──────────────┼─────────┼────────┼───────┼────────────────┼────────────────────┤
# │ minikube │ docker │ containerd │ 192.168.49.2 │ v1.37.0 │ OK     │ 1     │ *              │ *                  │
# └──────────┴────────┴────────────┴──────────────┴─────────┴────────┴───────┴────────────────┴────────────────────┘

运行下面指令发现

kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP             NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
coredns-559f6c778d-v8kc8           1/1     Running   0          57s   10.244.0.2     minikube   <none>           <none>
etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running   0          63s   192.168.49.2   minikube   <none>           <none>
kindnet-gvv4t                      1/1     Running   0          57s   192.168.49.2   minikube   <none>           <none>
kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running   0          63s   192.168.49.2   minikube   <none>           <none>
kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running   0          63s   192.168.49.2   minikube   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-8p8x8                   1/1     Running   0          57s   192.168.49.2   minikube   <none>           <none>
kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running   0          63s   192.168.49.2   minikube   <none>           <none>
storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   0          62s   192.168.49.2   minikube   <none>           <none>

Pod 名称	组件	主要作用
coredns-559f6c778d-v8kc8	CoreDNS	集群内部 DNS 服务，负责 Service 域名解析
etcd-minikube	etcd	Kubernetes 的数据库，保存集群状态和配置
kindnet-gvv4t	kindnet	CNI 网络组件，负责 Pod 网络连通性
kube-apiserver-minikube	API Server	Kubernetes API 入口，处理所有集群管理请求
kube-controller-manager-minikube	Controller Manager	控制器管理器，确保集群实际状态逐渐达到期望状态
kube-proxy-8p8x8	kube-proxy	实现 Service 到后端 Pod 的网络转发
kube-scheduler-minikube	Scheduler	调度器，决定新 Pod 应该运行在哪个 Node 上
storage-provisioner	Storage Provisioner	为 PVC 动态创建本地持久化存储

---

在本地 Kubernetes 集群中运行 Nginx，创建多个副本，并从 Windows 浏览器访问它

mkdir -p k8s-lab
cd k8s-lab
vim nginx.yaml  # 见附录

# 下面部署 Nginx
kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
# namespace/lab created
# deployment.apps/web created
# service/web created

kubectl -n lab get deployments
kubectl -n lab get pods -o wide
kubectl -n lab get services

# 等待应用就绪
kubectl -n lab rollout status deployment/web

# 浏览器访问
minikube service web -n lab --url  # http://127.0.0.1: XXXXX

创建完成后

Kubernetes Cluster
├── default
├── kube-system
└── lab
    ├── Deployment/web
    ├── Service/web
    └── Pod/...

附录·

• nginx.yaml：这份文件定义了三个资源：一个 Namespace、一个具有两个副本的 Deployment，以及一个 NodePort 类型的 Service。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: lab
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: web
  namespace: lab
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: web
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:stable
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web
  namespace: lab
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: web
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80